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Glaucoma   Information pages   About this page ... Welcome to MERCYs web pages dedicated to information on Glaucoma and Medical Cannabis as well as related issues and items.   Click here for printable (WORD) version of this info, Click here for PDF (Adobe) version of this info. These are Orgs, Info, Links and other Resources for Medical Cannabis and/or Glaucoma Disease. Services and functional information you can use.   Sections for The Law; Contacts - People, Orgs and Biz; Events and other Network opportunities; Info - Medical, Legal and otherwise; Action - Indiviual and Group Plans and Resources, Legislation and Legislators at all levels, News - Current Items by Categories, Sources and History; Library of Links, Images and Documents including How To's and any other Resources (IE- Forums) that may help. Medical cannabis resources and more.  We also try to include basic cannabis and related law and policy reform links and orgs for associated areas and functions such as human rights, justice, environment, health and other issues that potentially share resources.   What's yours? Got a Link, Resource or an Idea?  Enter in the NotePad or send us FeedBack. See even more related Info at this web-ring: OpdxNwoL links (marijuanalibrary.org/links.html)   Information on Glaucoma   Definition:   What is Glaucoma? Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that gradually steal sight without warning. In the early stages of the disease, there may be no symptoms. Experts estimate that half of the people affected by glaucoma may not know they have it. Vision loss is caused by damage to the optic nerve. This nerve acts like an electric cable with over a million wires. It is responsible for carrying images from the eye to the brain. There is no cure for glaucoma—yet. However, medication or surgery can slow or prevent further vision loss. The appropriate treatment depends upon the type of glaucoma among other factors. Early detection is vital to stopping the progress of the disease. It was once thought that high pressure within the eye, also known as intraocular pressure or IOP, is the main cause of this optic nerve damage. Although IOP is clearly a risk factor, we now know that other factors must also be involved because even people with “normal” levels of pressure can experience vision loss from glaucoma. Adult glaucoma falls into two categories—open angle glaucoma and closed angle glaucoma. Types of Glaucoma Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Angle Closure Glaucoma Normal Tension Glaucoma (NTG) Secondary Glaucoma Pediatric Glaucoma The two main types of glaucoma are primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), and angle closure glaucoma. These are marked by an increase of intraocular pressure (IOP), or pressure inside the eye. When optic nerve damage has occurred despite a normal IOP, this is called normal tension glaucoma. Secondary glaucoma refers to any case in which another disease causes or contributes to increased eye pressure, resulting in optic nerve damage and vision loss. Facts About Glaucoma » Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness There is no cure for glaucoma—yet Everyone is at risk There may be no symptoms Symptoms:   There may be no symptoms to warn you. With open angle glaucoma, the most common form, there are virtually no symptoms. Usually, no pain is associated with increased eye pressure. Vision loss begins with peripheral or side vision. You may compensate for this unconsciously by turning your head to the side, and may not notice anything until significant vision is lost. The best way to protect your sight from glaucoma is to get tested. Risk Factors:   Are You at Risk For Glaucoma? Everyone is at risk for glaucoma. However, certain groups are at higher risk than others. People at high risk for glaucoma should get a complete eye exam, including eye dilation, every one or two years. The following are groups at higher risk for developing glaucoma. African-Americans Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness among African-Americans. It is six to eight times more common in African-Americans than in Caucasians. People Over 60 | Glaucoma is much more common among older people. You are six times more likely to get glaucoma if you are over 60 years old. Family Members with Glaucoma | The most common type of glaucoma, primary open angle glaucoma, is hereditary. If members of your immediate family have glaucoma, you are at a much higher risk than the rest of the population. Family history increases risk of glaucoma four to nine times. Hispanics in Older Age Groups | Recent studies indicate that the risk for Hispanic populations is greater than those of predominantly European ancestry, and that the risk increases among Hispanics over age 60. Asians | People of Asian descent appear to be at some risk for angle closure glaucoma. Angle closure glaucoma accounts for less than 10% of all diagnosed cases of glaucoma. Otherwise there is no known increased risk in Asian populations. Steroid Users | Some evidence links steroid use to glaucoma. A study reported in the Journal of American Medical Association, March 5, 1997, demonstrated a 40% increase in the incidence of ocular hypertension and open angle glaucoma in adults who require approximately 14 to 35 puffs of steroid inhaler to control asthma. This is a very high dose, only required in cases of severe asthma. Eye Injury | Injury to the eye may cause secondary open angle glaucoma. This type of glaucoma can occur immediately after the injury or years later. Blunt injuries that “bruise” the eye (called blunt trauma) or injuries that penetrate the eye can damage the eye’s drainage system, leading to traumatic glaucoma. The most common cause is sports-related injuries such as baseball or boxing. Other Risk Factors. Other possible risk factors include: high myopia (nearsightedness) diabetes hypertension Central corneal thickness less than .5 mm. Testing:   Diagnostic Tests. Early detection, through regular and complete eye exams, is the key to protecting your vision from damage caused by glaucoma. It is important to have your eyes examined regularly. Your eyes should be tested: before age 40, every two to four years from age 40 to age 54, every one to three years from age 55 to 64, every one to two years after age 65, every six to 12 months Anyone with high risk factors, should be tested every year or two after age 35. Four Common Tests for Glaucoma. Regular glaucoma check-ups include two routine eye tests: tonometry and ophthalmoscopy. Tonometry. The tonometry test measures the inner pressure of the eye. Usually drops are used to numb the eye. Then the doctor or technician will use a special device that measures the eye’s pressure. Ophthalmoscopy. Ophthalmoscopy is used to examine the inside of the eye, especially the optic nerve. In a darkened room, the doctor will magnify your eye by using an ophthalmoscope (an instrument with a small light on the end). This helps the doctor look at the shape and color of the optic nerve. If the pressure in the eye is not in the normal range, or if the optic nerve looks unusual, then one or two special glaucoma tests will be done. These two tests are called perimetry and gonioscopy. Perimetry. The perimetry test is also called a visual field test. During this test, you will be asked to look straight ahead and then indicate when a moving light passes your peripheral (or side) vision. This helps draw a “map” of your vision. Gonioscopy. Gonioscopy is a painless eye test that checks if the angle where the iris meets the cornea is open or closed, showing if either open angle or closed angle glaucoma is present. Optic Nerve Computer Imaging. In recent years three new techniques of optic nerve imaging have become widely available. These are scanning laser polarimetry (GDx), confocal laser ophthalmoscopy (Heidelberg Retinal Tomography or HRT), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The GDx machine does not actually image the optic nerve but rather it measures the thickness of the nerve fiber layer on the retinal surface just before the fibers pass over the optic nerve margin to form the optic nerve. The HRT scans the retinal surface and optic nerve with a laser. It then constructs a topographic (3-D) image of the optic nerve including a contour outline of the optic cup. The nerve fiber layer thickness is also measured. The OCT instrument utilizes a technique called optical coherence tomography which creates images by use of special beams of light. The OCT machine can create a contour map of the optic nerve, optic cup and measure the retinal nerve fiber thickness. Over time all three of these machines can detect loss of optic nerve fibers. Your intraocular eye pressure (IOP) is important to determining your risk for glaucoma. If you have high IOP, careful management of your eye pressure with medications can help prevent vision loss. Recent discoveries about the cornea, the clear part of the eye’s protective covering, are showing that corneal thickness is an important factor in accurately diagnosing eye pressure. In response to these findings, the Glaucoma Research Foundation has put together this brief guide to help you understand how your corneal thickness affects your risk for glaucoma, and what you can do to make sure your diagnosis is accurate. Learn >>more>>

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( skip to End )  |   ( next )  |   more Info ...    |     ( prev )  |   ( go to Top )  Corneal Thickness. In 2002, the five-year report of the Ocular Hypertension Study (OHTS) was released. The study’s goal was to determine if early intervention with pressure lowering medications could reduce the number of ocular hypertensive (OHT) patients that develop glaucoma. During the study, a critical discovery was made regarding corneal thickness and its role in intraocular eye pressure and glaucoma development. Why is Corneal Thickness Important? Corneal thickness is important because it can mask an accurate reading of eye pressure, causing doctors to treat you for a condition that may not really exist or to treat you unnecessarily when are normal. Actual IOP may be underestimated in patients with thinner CCT, and overestimated in patients with thicker CCT. This may be important to your diagnosis; some people originally diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma may in fact be more accurately treated as having regular glaucoma; others diagnosed with ocular hypertension may be better treated as normal based on accurate CCT measurement. In light of this discovery, it is important to have your eyes checked regularly and to make sure your doctor takes your CCT into account for diagnosis. A Thin Cornea—The Danger of Misreading Eye Pressure. Many times, patients with thin corneas (less than 555 µm) show artificially low IOP readings. This is dangerous because if your actual IOP is higher than your reading shows, you may be at risk for developing glaucoma and your doctor may not know it. Left untreated, high IOP can lead to glaucoma and vision loss. It is important that your doctor have an accurate IOP reading to diagnose your risk and decide upon a treatment plan. A Thicker Cornea May Mean Less Reason to Worry About Glaucoma. Those patients with thicker CCT may show a higher reading of IOP than actually exists. This means their eye pressure is lower than thought, a lower IOP means that risk for developing glaucoma is lowered. However, it is still important to have regular eye exams to monitor eye pressure and stay aware of changes. Pachymetry — A Simple Test to Determine Corneal Thickness. A pachymetry test is a simple, quick, painless test to measure the thickness of your cornea. With this measurement, your doctor can better understand your IOP reading, and develop a treatment plan that is right for your condition. The procedure takes only about a minute to measure both eyes. Prevention:   Glaucoma is not curable, and vision lost cannot be regained. With medication and/or surgery, it is possible to halt further loss of vision. Since glaucoma is a chronic condition, it must be monitored for life. Treatment:   Treating Glaucoma. Depending upon the type of glaucoma, treatment may include medication, usually prescription eyedrops, or surgery to lower the pressure in the eye and prevent further damage to the optic nerve. While there is no cure as yet for glaucoma, early diagnosis and continuing treatment can preserve eyesight. pressure for years. Your doctor may switch your medications if you develop tolerance or experience troublesome side effects. Glaucoma Surgery » Depending on the type or severity of glaucoma, laser treatment or cutting surgery may be necessary. Alternative Medicine » In addition to clinical treatment, consider how exercise and good nutrition can affect your health. Working With Your Doctor » A good relationship with your doctor provides a strong foundation for managing your glaucoma. Source(s): [0] - Glaucoma Research Foundation | Visit - http://www.glaucoma.org/learn/ [1] - Glaucoma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | Glaucoma is an eye disease in which the optic nerve is damaged in a characteristic pattern. This can permanently damage vision in the affected eye(s) and lead ... >> en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucoma / [2] - Glaucoma | Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment of ... | Learn about glaucoma, including types, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. >> www.webmd.com/eye-health/glaucoma-eyes / [3] - Glaucoma Research Foundation | A US-based non-profit organization, with details of education activities, research findings, and background health information. >> www.glaucoma.org/ / [4] - Glaucoma - PubMed Health - National Center for Biotechnology ... | Glaucoma refers to a group of eye conditions that lead to damage to the optic nerve. This nerve carries visual information from the eye to the brain. >> www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002587/ / [5] - 6 Types of Glaucoma, Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention | Dr. Heiting shares vital information about the symptoms, types, tests and treatment of glaucoma, a category of eye disorders associated with eye pressure. >> www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/glaucoma.htm / [6] - Glaucoma Symptoms, Treatment Options, Surgery, Causes, and ... | Glaucoma is a disease of the major nerve of vision, called the optic nerve. The optic nerve receives light-generated nerve impulses from the retina and transmits ... >> www.medicinenet.com/glaucoma/article.htm / [7] - Glaucoma - MayoClinic.com | Glaucoma — Comprehensive overview covers symptoms, causes, treatment of this eye condition that threatens vision. >> www.mayoclinic.com/health/glaucoma/DS00283 / [8] - Glaucoma: MedlinePlus | Glaucoma damages the eye's optic nerve. It is a leading cause of blindness in the United States. It usually happens when the fluid pressure inside the eyes ... >> www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/glaucoma.html / [9] - Glaucoma, Facts About [NEI Health Information] | o Glaucoma from the NEI. Find description, definition, type of glaucoma, open- angle glaucoma, symptoms, treatments, eye pressure, dilated eye exam, low ... >> www.nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts.asp / [10] - What Is Glaucoma? - Eye M.D.-approved information from EyeSmart | Glaucoma is a disease that damages the eye's optic nerve. >> www.geteyesmart.org/eyesmart/diseases/glaucoma.cfm   Treatment, CANNABIS Therapeutics   Updated NORML Report Highlights Marijuana's Role In Moderating Disease Progression; 'Emerging Clinical Applications' Booklet Reviews Nearly 200 Studies On The Therapeutic Use Of Cannabis Clinical and preclinical research on the therapeutic use of cannabis indicates that cannabinoids may curb the progression of various life-threatening diseases – including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and brain cancer, according to an updated report published by the NORML Foundation. NORML Deputy Director Paul Armentano, who authored the report, said: "The conditions profiled in this report were chosen because patients frequently ask me about the use of cannabis to treat these disorders. Ideally, with this report in their hands, patients can now begin talking openly with their physicians about whether cannabis therapy is appropriate for them."  Visit - norml.org/component/zoo/category/recent-research-on-medical-marijuana - for more. Medical Use of Cannabis (marijuana) | Here to Help > On this page: How does cannabis work as medicine? What conditions or symptoms is cannabis used to treat? How do people use cannabis for medical purposes? What is pharmaceutical cannabis, and how does it compare to herbal cannabis? What are the side effects and risks of using cannabis to treat symptoms or medical conditions? Drug interactions Quality Is using cannabis for medicinal purposes legal? What are compassion clubs? What are some barriers to using cannabis for medicinal purposes? What to do if you or someone you know needs more information about medical cannabis  Visit - heretohelp.bc.ca/factsheet/medical-use-of-cannabis - for more. HowStuffWorks "How Medical Marijuana Works" | So how, exactly, does medical marijuana work to treat these conditions? Why, if this medicine is so effective for some people, does it remain controversial and, in many places, illegal? In this article, we'll take a look at the medical, legal, and practical issues surrounding medical marijuana in the United States. We'll examine why some people, like Burton Aldrich, depend on it to live normally. We'll also examine some of the intriguing intersections between pharmaceutical companies, the government and the medical marijuana industry. Visit - science.howstuffworks.com/medical-marijuana.htm - for more. Medical Marijuana Benefits, Helps These Conditions | You might be surprised to find that it wasn’t just ancient peoples who used the drug; marijuana remained in the United States pharmacopoeia until 1941. Up until that time, cannabis was freely available in shops and, in the UK, Queen Victoria, that most conservative of royals, used cannabis to alleviate her menstrual cramps. ... are predominantly using cannabis to treat symptoms of ... We believe Medical Marijuana will help these conditions: Please let us know your experiences in using medical marijuana to treat various conditions.  Visit - www.medicalmarijuanablog.com/benefits/conditions-helped.html - for more. Medical marijuana (cannabis) - common uses | Common Medical Uses for Cannabis (Marijuana) ... Medical Marijuana Dispensaries - Directory of Medical Marijuana ... Cannabidiol improves symptoms of generalized social anxiety disorder in… ... Medical Marijuana Dispensaries - Directory of Medical Marijuana Dispensaries Project CBD Cannabinoid Profiles of Cannabis Strains Cannabis Laboratories: The Testing Landscape in America See also: An Overview of the Endogenous Cannabinoid System  Visit - www.letfreedomgrow.com/cmu/index.htm - for more. Complete List of Conditions Treatable With Marijuana | Check out the articles below to learn about how medical marijuana can be useful in treating specific medical conditions. We'll help you find the best ways to ingest medical marijuana to treat your condition, what strains will be most beneficial and we'll even help you connect with other folks with the same condition.  Visit - medicalmarijuana.com/treatments-with-medical-marijuana-cannabis - for more. What symptoms do patients treat with ... , Salt Lake City Medical Marijuana ... representative for the American Alliance for Medical Cannabis ... One question the 2011 Medical Marijuana Survey (sponsored by Legalize Utah) queried which received some of the most detailed responses was” “Do you use Medical Marijuana to treat any physical or psychological conditions and if so, which conditions”.  Visit - www.examiner.com/article/what-symptoms-do-patients-treat-with-medicinal-cannabis - for more. Marijuana: 1276 user reviews - DailyStrength | (INF) Medically, cannabis is most often used as an appetite stimulant and pain reliever for certain ... Myasthenia Gravis, Narcolepsy, Obsessive Compulsive Diso. ... I use medical marijuana o... Marijuana (also known as Cannabis) Medically, cannabis is most often used as an appetite stimulant and pain reliever for certain illnesses such as cancer, AIDS and other diseases. It is used to relieve glaucoma and certain neurological illnesses such as epilepsy, migraine and bipolar disorder. It has also been found to relieve nausea for chemotherapy pa... more at Wikipedia Treatment Success Rates ... Top 5 Communities; Condition, Members, Success - Chronic Pain, 684, 86%; Depression, 55 96%; Bipolar Disorder, 44, 95%; Anxiety, 32 94%; Fibromyalgia, 26, 100%; Overall, 90% (1106 Members) - find Marijuana helpful  Visit - http://www.dailystrength.org/treatments/Marijuana - for more. RxMarihuana.com: Index of Medical Conditions | (INF) Marijuana: The Forbidden Medicine. Index of Medical Conditions Addressed We will soon ... MUSCLE SPASM MYASTHENIA GRAVIS MYOFASCIAL PAIN SYNDROME N NARCOLEPSY ... and more.  Visit - http://rxmarijuana.com/medical_conditions.htm - for more. Tetrahydrocannabinol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | (INF) Tetrahydrocannabinol (tet-ra-hy-dro-ka-nab-i-nol; THC), also known as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta9-THC), Delta1-THC (using an older chemical nomenclature), or dronabinol, is the main psychoactive substance found in the cannabis plant. ... Two studies indicate that THC also has an anticholinesterase action which may implicate it as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's and Myasthenia Gravis.  Visit - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol - for more.   more Info on Glaucoma and Medical Cannabis  Health & Wellbeing Health Care Medication Explained Medical Marijuana Medical Marijuana Doctor Medical Marijuana Benefits Made By David G. Ostrow | Medical cannabis has been used to treat many many conditions over the several ... How does medical marijuana help people with glaucoma? ... Visit: http://www.videojug.com/interview/medical-marijuana-benefits-2 “Glaucoma” (article) Can smoking pot really cure glaucoma? Q: “Can you please confirm if marijuana can cure glaucoma (eye disorder)? I live in England and my sister has this disease and is losing her eyesight.” Jane, Cornwall, England A: Marijuana lowers the intraocular pressure in the eye and this slows the progression of the disease. One of the seven patients remaining on the federal government's Compassionate Use program, Elvy Musika, claims that it is the only drug that has stabilized her condition. See “Ask Ed [Rosenthal]” at: http://www.cannabisculture.com/articles/2904.html Elvy Musikka on Cannabis and Glaucoma; Elvy Musikka is a woman in her mid-forties who lives in Hollywood, Florida. This is her story: In late February 1975 I went to see Dr. Rosenfeld, a general practitioner in the Ft. Lauderdale area. He concluded a very thorough examination and said my eyes had been stricken with glaucoma. My [intraocular fluid] pressures were in the high 40s [pressure in the low teens is normal], and Dr. Rosenfeld insisted I see an ophthalmologist immediately. His suspicions were confirmed and I was started on pilocarpine eyedrops. Elvy Musikka on Cannabis and Glaucoma. from the chapter, "Glaucoma, " in Marijuana, The Forbidden Medicine, pp. 52-57, by Dr. Lester Grinspoon, M.D., Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School. and James B. Bakalar, associate editor of the Harvard Mental Health Letter and a Lecturer in Law in the Department of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School Yale University Press, New Haven, 1993, ISBN 0-300-05994-9. Visit: http://www.pdxnorml.org/MTFM_Musikka_1993.html And … “Blinded by Ignorance” Elvy Musikka (article) by Dana Larsen. “Elvy is one of only eight people in the United States who receives legal medical marijuana from the government. Every three months she receives about 600 grams of admittedly poor quality marijuana in the form of hundreds of pre-rolled joints. Since receiving her first legal prescription in 1988, the fifty-something Elvy has tirelessly devoted herself to travelling across the US, spreading the good news about the beneficial healing effects of marijuana. "I realize now that I was never blinded by glaucoma, I was blinded by ignorance" Elvy Musikka. Blinded by Ignorance. Interviewed by Dana Larsen ... glaucoma, I was blinded by ignorance. No one in their right mind would have made the decision I made if they had known that cannabis ... Visit: http://www.cannabisculture.com/backissues/jul96/elvybod.html Medical cannabis, (commonly referred to as "Medical marijuana"), refers to the use of the cannabis plant as a physician-recommended drug or herbal therapy, as well as synthetic THC and other cannabinoids. There are many studies regarding the use of cannabis in a medicinal context.[2][3] Drug usage generally requires a prescription, and distribution is usually done within a framework defined by local laws. There are several methods for administration of dosage including vaporizing or smoking dried cannabis buds, drinking or eating cannabis extracts,and taking synthetic THC pills.[4][5] The comparible efficacy of these methods was the subject of an investigative study by the National Institutes of Health.[3] Partial list of clinical applications. Medical cannabis specialist Dr. Tod Mikuriya recorded over 250 indications for medical cannabis,[12] as classified by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9).[13] In a 2002 review of medical literature, medical cannabis was shown to have established effects in the treatment of nausea, vomiting, PMS, unintentional weight loss, and lack of appetite. Other "relatively well-confirmed" effects were in the treatment of "spasticity, painful conditions, especially neurogenic pain, movement disorders, asthma, [and] Glaucoma".[14] Visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_cannabis YouTube - MEDICAL CANNABIS | Cannabis helps with glaucoma, relieves migraine headaches, helps brain cells, can relieve skin diseases, helps ease asthma attacks, may block epileptic seizures, works as a back spasm medicine, treats depression and other mood disorders, may help emphysema patients to breathe better, alleviates pain associated with chemotherapy, has successfully reduced tumours (benign and malignant), can help multiple sclerosis patients control spasms, can easily be grown organically (free of toxic chemicals), assists in over coming insomnia, dilates the bronchi, to allow more oxygen into the blood, helps paraplegic and quadriplegic patients, may induce antibacterial effects, is the best way known to dry the mouth's saliva in dentistry, relieves the pain of arthritis and rheumatism, alleviates the symptoms of withdrawal from alcohol and narcotics, hempseed oil has an omega6:omega3 ratio of about 4:1 and the seeds have essential amino acids in ideal proportions. Visit: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2BmSpTdOqw Learn >> more <<   Organizations, Contacts and other Resources   MED CAN related ORGS & BIZ Medical Use of Marijuana by Patients with Glaucoma (article) Marijuana has shown promise as a possible glaucoma treatment in numerous published studies. In controlled studies at UCLA, it was discovered that patients smoking marijuana experienced, on average, a 30% drop in eye pressure. Visit: http://www.marijuana-as-medicine.org/Alliance/facts.html#Glaucoma Medical Marijuana Home Page > Diseases / Conditions > Glaucoma > Can marijuana be an effective treatment for glaucoma? | PRO (yes) : Paul Palmberg, MD, PhD, a glaucoma expert and National Institute of Health (NIH) medical marijuana panelist, said at a Feb. 20, 1997 conference: I don't think there's any doubt about its [marijuana] effectiveness, at least in some people with glaucoma. Feb. 20, 1997 - Paul F. Palmberg, MD, PhD The Mayo Clinic stated in its Aug. 25, 2006 article "Marijuana as Medicine: Consider the Pros and Cons," published on its website: In the early 1970s, scientists discovered that smoking marijuana reduced pressure in the eyes. Exactly how the cannabinoids in marijuana produce this effect isn't known. Scientists have discovered CB1 receptors in the eyes, which may provide clues for future research on how marijuana affects glaucoma. CON (no): The Glaucoma Research Foundation stated in a website article "Medical Marijuana" (accessed May 8, 2007): Advocates of medicinal marijuana cite evidence that hemp products can lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in people with glaucoma. However, these products are less effective than safer and more available medicines. Most research regarding marijuana use took place before some current medications with fewer side effects were available. The high dose of marijuana necessary to produce a clinically relevant effect on IOP in the short term requires constant inhalation, as much as every three hours. The number of significant side effects generated by long-term oral use of marijuana or long-term inhalation of marijuana smoke make marijuana a poor choice in the treatment of glaucoma, a chronic disease requiring proven and effective treatment. Visit: http://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/viewanswers.asp?questionID=000140 Rx Cannabis Now! is a website dedicated to the re-legalization of cannabis as medicine. As a glaucoma patient and arthritis sufferer, I know cannabis is good, natural medicine. Rx Cannabis Now! features photos, information and links about cannabis events I have participated in, from the Action Class in Philadelphia Hearing in March 1999, to San Francisco's version of the Million Marijuana March on May 1, 1999, to activism and protest in Washington D.C. in October 1999, to the first National Conference for Cannabis Therapeutics in April 2000 in Iowa City, and, activism and protest in New Jersey in October 2000. Please visit my other sites below. Thanks for stopping by! - Gary Storck. Visit: http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Lobby/7417 We are a group of volunteers working together to implement, preserve and protect the rights of medicinal cannabis patients through political activism. Our platform is based on the idea of not bargaining away people's rights. We believe that each person will have different needs, which are best determined by the patient and physician. What works well for one patient may not work for another. Visit: http://americanmarijuana.org/ Marijuana and Glaucoma | "Marijuana and THC have been shown to reduce IOP [intraocular pressure] by an average of 24% in people with normal IOP who have visual-field changes. In a number of studies of healthy adults and glaucoma patients, IOP was reduced by an average of 25% after smoking a marijuana cigarette that contained approximately 2% THC." — Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base, National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine (1999) Published Research Articles. Dronabinol and Retinal Hemodynamics in Humans — American Journal of Ophthalmology — Volume 143, Issue 1, Pages 173-174 (January 2007) Purpose: To investigate the effects of oral cannabinoids on retinal hemodynamics assessed by video fluoresce in angiography in healthy subjects. Visit: http://www.michiganmedicalmarijuana.org/node/1077 MEDICINAL USES OF CANNABIS - A Guide to Medical Cannabis | The Therapeutic Uses of Cannabis and Links to Medical Marijuana Web sites and Articles ... GLAUCOMA. ... See some press reports on medical uses of cannabis ... GLAUCOMA, USA: Marijuana Plugs Into Eye Cells, U.S. Study Finds: Reuters, December 6 1999 Glaucoma Visit: http://www.ccguide.org/medical.php#glaucoma Medical Marijuana > Legal Challenges > Info for Litigators > Medical > Conditions > Medicinal Uses of Marijuana: Glaucoma | Excerpt by Elvy Musikka, glaucoma patient who legally receives medical marijuana from the federal government. Published in: Grinspoon, Lester, M.D. Marijuana, the Forbidden Medicine (revised and expanded edition). New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. 1997. 312 p. Green, PhD, DSc, Keith. "Marijuana Smoking vs Cannabinoids for Glaucoma Therapy." Archives of Ophthalmology. 1998. 116: 1433-1437. Visit: http://www.drugpolicy.org/marijuana/medical/challenges/litigators/medical/conditions/glaucoma.cfm Robert A. Nelson: Hemp & Health on - Glaucoma: --- “Several million people worldwide are afflicted with glaucoma, in which the unchecked rise of intraocular pressure (IOP) causes irreparable damage of the retina and optic nerve, resulting in blindness. About 250,000 Americans suffer from glaucoma, and several thousand people go blind from the affliction each year in the USA. Glaucoma is somewhat controllable with medications, all of which are attended by dangerous side-effects -- with the exemption of cannabis.” Visit: http://www.rexresearch.com/hhusb/hmphlth.htm#hhl2a Hemp & Health Internet Edition by Robert A. Nelson (online) ... Cannabis sativa, the "True Hemp", is tightly woven into the tapestry of human life ... prescription that is prescient of the modern use of cannabis in the treatment of glaucoma: ... REX RESEARCH was established in 1982 by Robert A. Nelson to archive and distribute information about "unconventional", suppressed, dormant, or emerging sciences, technologies, inventions, theories, therapies, and miscellaneous alternatives that offer real hope of liberating humanity. Contact Rex Research - rexresearch.com * PO Box 19250, Jean NV 89019 USA * Visit: http://www.rexresearch.com/hhusb/hmphlth.htm Medical Marijuana Users Guide - Concept420 - Marijuana Entertainment and Information ... Cannabis can be used as an antiemetic, a drug which relieves nausea and ... intraocular pressures in end-stage glaucoma. Cannabis however lowers intraocular pressures dramatically ... Visit: http://www.concept420.com/marijuana_medical_med_uses.htm#Glaucoma GLAUCOMA related ORGS & BIZ CONCLUSIONS: Based on reviews by the National Eye Institute (NEI) and the Institute of Medicine and on available scientific evidence, the Task Force on Complementary Therapies believes that no scientific evidence has been found that demonstrates increased benefits and/or diminished risks of marijuana use to treat glaucoma compared with the wide variety of pharmaceutical agents now available. BENEFITS: Initial studies in the 1970s reported that smoked marijuana resulted in lower IOP hours after administration. The NEI-sponsored studies demonstrated that some derivatives of marijuana did result in lowering of IOP when administered orally, intravenously, or by smoking, but not when topically applied to the eye. The duration of the pressure-lowering effect is reported to be in the range of 3 to 4 hours. Benefits also include euphoria as an acute effect. RISKS: Potentially serious side effects associated with smoking marijuana include an increased heart rate and a decrease in blood pressure. Studies of single-administration marijuana use have shown a lowering of blood pressure concurrent with the lowering of IOP. Visit: http://www.aao.org/eyecare/treatment/alternative-therapies/marijuana-glaucoma.cfm Medical Marijuana | Advocates of medicinal marijuana cite evidence that hemp products can lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in people with glaucoma. However, these products are less effective than safer and more available medicines. Most research regarding marijuana use took place before some current medications with fewer side effects were available. The high dose of marijuana necessary to produce a clinically relevant effect on IOP in the short term requires constant inhalation, as much as every three hours. The number of significant side effects generated by long-term oral use of marijuana or long-term inhalation of marijuana smoke make marijuana a poor choice in the treatment of glaucoma, a chronic disease requiring proven and effective treatment. Visit: http://www.glaucoma.org/treating/medical_marijua.php   FORUMs Section  Viable Forums, chat rooms and other such online resources   will be listed here as we learn about them.   Businesses   Glaucoma Info, News, FAQ (BIZ, INF) Learn about symptoms, treatment, new research, risk factors, MD Q&A. | This website was launched in January 2000 to provide consumers with an independent source of trustworthy information on eye health and vision correction options. Many eye care products and services are available to improve your vision and eye health. However, each is effective only when used properly and in the right circumstances. Please make decisions about your eyes and vision in consultation with an eye care professional who can provide guidance based on their experience and knowledge of your individual needs. Contact: call us at 610-492-1042 or write address: Access Media Group, 11 Campus Boulevard, Suite 100, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania 19073 -or- Visit: http://www.AllAboutVision.com/ Marijuana for Glaucoma ... Should Marijuana Be Used to Control Glaucoma? Your Guide ... marijuana use. Next Page: Pros and Cons of Marijuana as a Glaucoma Therapy: ... The National Eye Institute in the 1970’s conducted studies showing that marijuana does have properties that lower high internal eye pressure (intraocular pressure) that can lead to glaucoma. … The academy also states that no evidence currently exists regarding potential side effects of long-term marijuana use. Visit: http://vision.about.com/od/glaucoma/i/marijuanaglauco.htm   NEWs Section  NEWS and INFO “Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the treatment of end-stage open-angle glaucoma” (article) by Flach AJ., Department of Veteran Affairs, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, USA * Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 2002;100:215-22; discussion 222-4. ABSTRACT - PURPOSE: Evidence exists that the administration of cannabinoid derivatives can lower intraocular pressure. Some patients with glaucoma believe they are being deprived of a potentially beneficial treatment. Therefore, the Research Advisory Panel of California instituted the Cannabis Therapeutic Research Program to permit compassionate access to cannabinoid derivatives. Data about the potential therapeutic usefulness and toxicity of these agents were collected. This study reviews the results of this program with the specific aim of providing further direction for these investigational efforts. Visit: http://www.cannabis.net/glaucoma Erowid Cannabis Vault : Medical Use and Health - Information on health affects and concerns related to Cannabis. ... Marijuana has many possible medical uses. Positive effects are claimed for ailments such as cancer, AIDS, and glaucoma. AIDS can cause a loss of appetite known as "wasting syndrome", which can lead to drastic weight loss and weakness. Chemotherapy used in the treatment of cancer causes nausea resulting in an inability to keep down food. Marijuana's healing nature for these two illnesses is a result of its ability to increase a person's appetite as well as relieving nausea, allowing a patient to regain weight. Marijuana reportedly helps glaucoma patients by reducing intraocular pressure that can cause damage to the eye. Visit: http://www.erowid.org/plants/cannabis/cannabis_medical.shtml -- and: http://www.erowid.org/plants/cannabis/cannabis_health.shtml Therapeutic uses of cannabis. by Jack Herer. Taken from the 1998 edition of The Emperor Wears No Clothes. There are more than 60 therapeutic compunds in cannabis that are healing agents in medical and herbal treatments. The primary one is THC, and the effectiveness of therapy is directly proportionate to the herb's potency or concentration of THC. Recent DEA reports of increasingly potent marijuana therefore represent a major medical advance; but incredibly, the government uses these very numbers to solicit bigger budgets and harsher penalties. Visit: http://www.jackherer.com/chapter07.html Solons reject bid to legalize 'grass' (article) By Edwin G. Espejo Sun.Star General Santos (Phil.) SENATOR Manuel Villar and Sarangani Rep. Erwin Chiongbian on Sunday said they are strongly opposed to a proposed bill that would legalize the use of marijuana. "Hindi tama 'yun (That is not right)," Villar told reporters during a press conference Sunday noon. Villar however admitted that he has not seen the proposed bill and read it only through the newspaper. … Modern medicine uses cannabis in glaucoma and alleviating the pains of cancer and chemotherapy. … Visit: http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/gen/2004/11/30/news/solons.reject.bid.to.legalize.grass..html Ganja medicine in Jamaica (article) Jamaican researchers have developed legal marijuana medicines. ... formal government approval for using cannabis as a glaucoma buster, raised eye pressure leads to ... he and Lockhart began studying cannabis-glaucoma pharmacology in the early 1970's ... Visit: http://www.cannabisculture.com/articles/59.html The initial observation that smoked marijuana lowered intraocular pressure (IOP) in humans in acute experiments was made by Hepler and Frank in 1971. Hepler and Petrus (1976) later reported in greater detail that 4 percent (tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)) marijuana cigarettes lowered the IOP about 27 percent more than did a placebo at 30 minutes in normal volunteers, and that 20 mg of oral THC lowered the IOP about 17 percent more than placebo at 30 minutes. They also reported that smoked marijuana lowered IOP much more dramatically in patients with poorly controlled glaucoma, with 10 of 12 responding, and presented graphs showing the timecourse. One patient demonstrated a reduction from 40 mm Hg to 10 mm Hg in one eye and from 35 mm Hg to 15 mm Hg in the other. Visit: http://www.onlinepot.org/medical/article45.htm   Cannabis as Medicine  RxMarijuana.com | Marijuana: The Forbidden Medicine.   (ORG, inf, Book) Featured Medical Marijuana Patient Accounts * to share website visitors' medical marijuana histories to provide insight into uses for this medicine which are not widely known. … If you wish to send us a personal account of your medical marijuana experiences, ... Cannabis and Glaucoma by Michael McKenna ... visit: www.rxmarihuana.com/shared.htm Medical-101.com   (web-ring / link-list) * Your starting point for the best medical info. Free Medical Cannabis info Find what you're looking for! Visit: www.medical-101.com/s/medical_cannabis Handbook of Energy Crops. unpublished. (online) Cannabis sativa L., Syn.: Cannabis indica Lam., Cannabaceae - Hemp, Marijuana, Cannabis oil * Source: James A. Duke. 1983.   Handbook of Energy Crops. unpublished. A multiple-use plant, furnishing fiber, oil, medicine, and narcotics. ... Modern medicine uses cannabis in glaucoma and alleviating the pains of cancer and chemotherapy ... Welcome to NewCROPTM, the New Crop Resource Online Program. The Web site of the Center for New Crops & Plant Products, at Purdue University. NewCROP provides windows to new and specialty crop profiles. Visit: http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Cannabis_sativa.html (back to top)

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